If energy is added to a substance, then ____.

When energy is added to a substance, several physical properties of that substance can change, depending on the context of that energy addition.

When energy is introduced, the temperature of the substance typically increases, as the added energy raises the kinetic energy of the particles within the substance. This increased kinetic energy results in an increase in the temperature, which is a direct measure of the average energy of the particles.

In addition to temperature, the volume may also increase if the substance is in a gaseous state or if it's expanding in a way that allows for an increase in volume (like in certain liquids and solids). For example, when a gas is heated, it will expand if it is not confined to a rigid container, causing an increase in volume.

Moreover, if the system is contained (like in a closed container), adding energy can lead to an increase in pressure. When the temperature rises in a confined gas, the molecules move faster and collide with the walls of the container more forcefully and frequently, which increases the pressure of the gas.

Since all three phenomena—volume, pressure, and temperature—can arise from the addition of energy to a substance, the choice that states "All of the above" is the best answer. Each of these effects can